While phosphorus retention and the importance of its control are concepts that have remained unchanged since their appearance more than 40 years ago, the opinions on the calcium balance in CRF have been less consistent and even controversial. These are very often completely different to the previous opinions and, at times, emphatically defended by the authors themselves. The subsequent opinions have always coincided with the appearance of new therapeutic measures on the market.
If she has a balanced diet, she may only need an additional 500 mg of calcium.Alteration in calcium-phosphorus metabolism in chronic renal failure (CRF) is one of the fields within Nephrology that has undergone more changes in terms of theoretical concepts, clinical repercussions and treatment objectives. If she does not eat dairy, she may need a supplement. If a woman with these characteristics is meeting her RDA through food, it is best that she not add a calcium supplement. However, postmenopausal women at increased risk for fractures or osteoporosis need more calcium and vitamin D.
There is evidence of risks (stroke and heart attack) of taking too much calcium through supplements. Men or women at risk for fracture or osteoporosisġ,200 mg calcium (diet + supplements) and 20–40 mcg (1,000 – 2,000 IUs) of vitamin D There is not enough scientific evidence to define the risks and benefits of taking calcium and vitamin D supplements in men. If a premenopausal woman does not eat any dairy foods, she likely needs to take a calcium supplement - 500 mg is probably enough to get her into a reasonable range. If a premenopausal woman meets her RDA through food, she should not take a calcium supplement. There is not enough scientific evidence to define the risks and benefits of taking calcium and vitamin D supplements in premenopausal women. The risks of taking calcium and vitamin D supplements are not known in this group, however, during the bone building years, girls need extra calcium and might benefit from vitamin D supplements as well.
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